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-- Namatame, & Kitajima (2005)Namatame, M., & Kitajima, M. (2005). Differences in Web-Interaction Styles of Hard-of-Hearing and Hearing Persons. HCI International 2005.
Differences in Web-Interaction Styles of Hard-of-Hearing and Hearing PersonsOur aim is to design web-based interactive materials for the hard-of-hearing based on an adequate understanding of their interaction style. Recently, computer-based support for the hard-of-hearing has expanded with the development of a web-based interaction environment. The web is a promising medium for designing materials for the hard-of- hearing, because it allows information providers to control the presentation of its content. Currently, however, the issue of how the hard-of-hearing interact with the web is inadequately studied. We believe computer-based support for the hard-of-hearing will improve with a better understanding of their interaction with computer-based materials. Our experience in using traditional class materials suggests that the way the hard-of-hearing interact with web-based materials may differ from methods employed by hearing persons. Our study began with detailed observations of how the hard-of-hearing use the web by tracking eye movement and hyperlink selections, and comparing the results with those of hearing persons. Eight hard-of-hearing and ten hearing subjects participated in the experiments. Their ages ranged from 19 to 22 years. All subjects were regular Internet users. Our first paper (Namatame at al., 2004) discussed our eye-tracking experiment to demonstrate behavioral differences between hard-of-hearing and hearing persons when using web-based materials, with the preliminary conclusion that the hard-of-hearing exhibited a less strategic scan pattern, and shallower and more intuitive text-processing. These findings suggested that the design of web-based materials, which currently considers only textual or image substitutes for auditory information, is insufficient for the hard-of-hearing. This paper describes a follow-up study along with the initial study (Namatame et al., 2004), reinforcing the above conclusion. We further discuss implications of the results to design guidelines.
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