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-- Namatame, M., & Kitajima, M. (2011)Namatame, M., & Kitajima, M. (2011). Cognitive Characteristics of Hard-of-Hearing Students Using e-Learning Material. Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Learning 2011, 19-22.
Cognitive Characteristics of Hard-of-Hearing Students Using e-Learning MaterialThis paper reports on experiments investigating how hard-of-hearing students use e-learning education material for procedure learning and suggests requirements of usable e-learning material for these students. For the experiment, we developed course material that consists of an instruction window displaying balloon instructions and demonstrations, and a workspace window where the learners replicate the demonstrated operations. We recorded the eye movements of 20 hard-of-hearing students and 20 normal-hearing students while they were using the experimental course material, and investigated their use of the balloon instructions. We transcribed their interaction in terms of 32 operations categorized in four classes: 1) eye movement without operation, 2) instruction reading, 3) instruction control, and 4) operation on the workspace. We found that even if they accomplished the course material objectives, hard-of-hearing students did not use the material as the designer intended, i.e., 1) observe demonstration, 2) read balloon instruction, 3) stop the movie, 4) reproduce the demonstration on the work window, 5) restart the material. Possible improvements include providing a list of procedures or stopping the material before proceeding to the next unit and having the students select "replay" or "proceed." Download
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