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-- Kitajima (2000)Kitajima, M. (2000). Cognitive Modeling for Adaptive Use of Knowledge. Invited talk for the international seminar, entitled "Vision on Digital Design in the 21st Century", sponsored by University of Ulsan, Colledge of Design (2000-11-1).
Cognitive Modeling for Adaptive Use of KnowledgeIn daily life, interaction with a variety of tools and devices is of considerable importance. In the modern age, in particular, there is greater opportunity to come into contact with information devices in many aspects of life, and their importance is increasing. In the office can be found such information devices as word-processor, PC, work station, telephone, fax, and VCR. In the home, we see such home appliances as television, audio equipment, microwave, and washing machine, amongst others. All of these contain internal microcomputers, the interfaces of which are no different from information devices. The same also goes for the automobile, public telephone, ticket machine, and ATM (automatic teller machine). Finally, in recent years, the access to massive amounts of information by way of the Internet has become available. Using a browser we access web sites, and the interface offered by the site is an extension of office applications. Of these above, some devices could be used without difficulty by the large majority of the user population. Others could be mastered after a good deal of trial and error by a fraction of the users. While some could be given up on before competence is achieved. In all cases, despite the fact that the same information is offered by the devices, the manners in which the information processed by the users determine the results to use comfortably, manage to use, or unable to use. In order to make improvements in safety and comfort in everyday life, there is a need to design an interface through understanding of the cognitive processes that control user s interaction with information devices. These cognitive processes utilize knowledge stored in long-term memory to deal with information proffered by the devices. This paper will look at this issue in detail. Furthermore, in addition to explaining the qualitatively different two forms of knowledge utilization, that is, routine use of knowledge and adaptive use of knowledge, this paper will clarify the characteristics of the adaptive use of knowledge, which is particularly important in the everyday use of devices, while comparing it with the routine use of knowledge. In addition, examples of interface designs suited to the various forms of knowledge utilization will be shown, and the importance of interface designs suited to these forms will be discussed.
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