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-- Nakahira, K.T., Hasegawa, S., Moriya, S. and Kitajima, M. (2025)Nakahira, K.T., Hasegawa, S., Moriya, S. and Kitajima, M. (2025). Effects of Experience of Listening to Short Sentences Containing ANEWs on Memory: An Analysis Based on Pupillary Responses during Listening and Visual Behavior during Impression Evaluation. COGNITIVE 2025 : The Seventeenth International Conference on Advanced Cognitive Technologies and Applications, 33-40.
Effects of Experience of Listening to Short Sentences Containing ANEWs on Memory: An Analysis Based on Pupillary Responses during Listening and Visual Behavior during Impression EvaluationThe present study focuses on the memory of verbal information by short sentences provided auditorily and examines the relationship between the attributes of emotion-inducing words, i.e., Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW), in the verbal information and the memory of the information contained in the short sentences. We have developed a cognitive model of auditory information comprehension, in which auditory information is sequentially input from the outside, stored in working memory, cognitively understood, and the memory network is updated to reflect the results of these processes. According to this model, the content retained in working memory during listening should influence subsequent recall, as externally provided auditory information is transient. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that the presence of ANEWs also affects memory performance. In the current study, 32 short sentences (each read aloud within 15-20 seconds) were created by embedding two ANEWs - one evoking a positive emotion and the other a negative emotion - within four different patterns. The interval between the presentation of the first and second ANEW varied: either 1 second or 7 seconds. Seventeen subjects listened to these short sentences, recalled their content, and we recorded the number of items recalled. The eye-tracker was used to measure pupillary responses during listening and visual behavior during the selection of evaluation items related to the impression of the listening experience. We analyzed the relationship between total pupil diameter change, number of fixations, impression evaluation time required, impression evaluation results, interval between ANEWs, positive/negative ANEW combination patterns, and recall performance. The following suggestions for the mechanism leading to high recall performance were obtained: 1) when the way ANEW pairs appear in a short sentence increases the load on their cognitive processing; 2) when the cognitive processing load is not high but the impression of short sentences are strong. Finally, we discussed ways to apply the findings from this study to the design of auditory information that facilitates memory. Download
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